There were 30,000 deaths due to the plague in 1603, 35,000 in 1625, 10,000 in 1636, and smaller numbers in other years. The disease periodically erupted into massive epidemics. The plague was endemic in 17th-century London, as it was in other European cities at the time. Map of London by Wenceslaus Hollar, c.1665 It became known afterwards as the "great" plague mainly because it was the last widespread outbreak of bubonic plague in England during the 400-year Second Pandemic. The 1665–66 epidemic was on a much smaller scale than the earlier Black Death pandemic. The plague was caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium, which is usually transmitted through the bite to a human by a flea or louse. The Great Plague killed an estimated 100,000 people-almost a quarter of London's population-in 18 months. It happened within the centuries-long Second Pandemic, a period of intermittent bubonic plague epidemics that originated in Central Asia in 1331 (the first year of the Black Death), and included related diseases such as pneumonic plague and septicemic plague, which lasted until 1750. The Great Plague of London, lasting from 1665 to 1666, was the last major epidemic of the bubonic plague to occur in England. Collecting the dead for burial during the Great Plague
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